How to write a resource paper
Physical Therapy Apa Paper Narrow Topic
Wednesday, August 26, 2020
Romeo and Juliet - Emotion free essay sample
Love. A serious, distinctive feeling that is effectively depicted in William Shakespeares uncommonly riveting show Romeo and Juliet. Represented all through the play in numerous structures, above all in the elegant sentiment of principle characters Romeo and Juliet, the delighting feeling is evoked firmly in Act Two Scene Two. Utilizing powerful procedures, for example, exchange, plot, symbolism and differentiation, Shakespeare uncovers the couples love and its impact on the whole play. Right off the bat, it is away from power and abundance of the adoration in this scene through the haracters discourse as they broadcast their emotions with gladdened eagerness: My abundance is as limitless as the ocean, my affection as profound. The more I provide for thee, the more I have, for both are unbounded. Juliet states her affection for Romeo is unending and endless, she looks at the tremendous degree of her feelings to the boundless ocean here her craving is clear and solid. We will compose a custom paper test on Romeo and Juliet Emotion or on the other hand any comparative point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Besides it is prominent that Shakespeare utilizes the plot and complexity in his play to feature the hugeness of the energy in this scene. In the initial scene, Romeo announces his evident love for another lady, Rosaline: O fighting affection/O adoring disdain! O anything of nothing initially make! The interesting expressions pass on his disappointment and disarray over this pathetic love, demonstrating it is shallow. The Juxtaposition on this bogus, uneven love against the later extreme, genuine affection with Juliet features how focused and profound his new love appeared in Act Two Scene Two is. The plot in Romeo and Juliet is especially vicious and antagonistic. Key scenes, for example, the initial scene and the horrendous fght in Act Three Scene One among Romeo and Tybalt portray a savage quarrel among Romeo and Juliets families. This fighting, clashing circumstance recommends anything besides fondness could happen between individuals from the Capulets and Montagues. The presence of the adoration passed on in the overhang scene is underlined in quality in its capacity to withstand the families contempt: Deny thy father and reject thy name! The excellent power of Juliets love is represented in her eagerness to dismiss her family and disregard the quarrel so as to be with Romeo.
Saturday, August 22, 2020
Functional Areas of a Business
Practical Areas of a Business Presentation Managers assume a noteworthy job towards supporting the exhibition of their associations. They make organizations effective through proceeded with the executives and portion of authoritative assets. They attempt each administrative practice in their associations to accomplish the focused on objectives.Advertising We will compose a custom paper test on Functional Areas of a Business explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More According to Robbins and Coulter (2012, p. 64), ââ¬Å"managers administer and facilitate the exercises of their representatives so as to achieve the focused on authoritative goalsâ⬠. Supervisors ought to consistently be prepared to address the difficulties and issues influencing their organizations. Directors have numerous obligations and jobs relying upon the nature and objectives of their associations. This paper dissects the jobs of a chief inside each useful territory of an association. The Role of a Manager inside the Functional Areas of a Business Managers have a task to carry out in each useful region of their separate organizations. Such jobs are basic towards understanding each business objective. One of these practical territories is the Human Resource (HR). The HR office ââ¬Å"handles various exercises, for example, recruiting representatives, terminating laborers, and guaranteeing each individual follows the companyââ¬â¢s policiesâ⬠(Feldman Khademian, 2007, p. 308). Chiefs ought to give the best initiative and authoritative ideas to their HR divisions. They ought to likewise support and coach each HR administrator. Supervisors additionally utilize this useful zone to ââ¬Å"take the best disciplinary measures and offer remunerations for various activitiesâ⬠(Kraut, Pedigo, McKenna, and Dunnette, 2005, p. 124). Business directors present the best administration rehearses in their associations. Initiative is a basic perspective since it makes each representative fruitful. Directors use ââ¬Å"various hypothetical ideas to manage the contentions and difficulties experienced by their employeesâ⬠(Kraut et al., 2005, p. 125). Supervisors ought to likewise be prepared to prepare and coach their workers. Some ââ¬Å"managers will recruit, train, and bolster new representatives so as to remain productiveâ⬠(Robbins Coulter, 2012, p. 64). Such jobs are basic towards the exhibition of each HR department.Advertising Looking for exposition on business financial aspects? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Accounting is another applicable practical zone in an association. This ââ¬Å"functional territory manages the examining, checking, and upkeep of each money related part of an organizationâ⬠(Robbins Coulter, 2012, p. 83). A few organizations figure new bookkeeping units so as to accomplish their objectives. Such units ââ¬Å"include administrative and budgetary bookkeeping departmentsâ⬠(Feldman Khademian, 2007, p. 312). Money related bookkeeping ââ¬Å"focuses on the assessment and formation of monetary records such accounting reports and salary statementsâ⬠(Kraut et al., 2005, p. 125). Administrators ought to consistently analyze pay proclamation and asset report before settling on the best business choices. Chiefs likewise screen the jobs and objectives of each bookkeeper. Administrators utilize the best initiative practices so as to engage their workers. Administrators ought to likewise make proper budgetary assignments for future consumptions and tasks. Such jobs will be basic towards improving the degree of business execution. Chiefs ought to likewise utilize the best techniques to fund the elements of their associations. Another ââ¬Å"important useful territory in numerous organizations is economicsâ⬠(Feldman Khademian, 2007, p. 319). This useful region bolsters the best exercises so as to help the organizationââ¬â¢s execution. A portion of the exerci ses incorporate ââ¬Å"distribution, creation, utilization, and showcasing of administrations and productsâ⬠(Feldman Khademian, 2007, p. 319). This practical zone is pertinent in light of the fact that it changes crude materials into attractive items. This division additionally examines the dispersion of administrations and items inside various firms. Directors have an enormous task to carry out in this practical region. Supervisors ought to break down the changing business sector inclines so as to boost items. Financial matters is likewise a significant practical territory since it assists supervisors with distinguishing new markets and organizations (Kraut et al., 2005). Administrators ought to likewise blend diverse utilitarian regions so as to settle on the best business choices. The methodology will make their organizations productive. Directors should coach each worker inside this utilitarian zone. The training will be fundamental towards improving the degree of business execution and profitability.Advertising We will compose a custom exposition test on Functional Areas of a Business explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Research and Statistics (RS) is another significant practical zone in numerous organizations. This office gathers and deciphers so as to settle on the best speculation choices. Administrators ââ¬Å"should utilize these information to make fitting advertising, creation, and limited time decisionsâ⬠(Feldman Khademian, 2007, p. 319). Administrators ought to liaise with people in the division to comprehend the present and future business desires. Business pioneers and supervisors utilize such data to help the best authoritative practices. Administrators ought to ââ¬Å"identify the practices that can bolster or change in their businessesââ¬â¢ future practicesâ⬠(Feldman Khademian, 2007, p. 319). Such administrative practices will assume a basic job towards the presentation of the focused on firm. Activit ies Management (OM) is an important capacity in each effective association. This division utilizes measurable devices to decipher each hierarchical information. Chiefs should utilize such understandings to analyze the presentation of their organizations. Such practices will control these administrators all through their dynamic procedures. This utilitarian region decides the exhibition of each office in an association. Chiefs ought to support each representative in this division. Business associations can't accomplish their benefits without dealing with their advertising units in an appropriate way. These useful zones center around the requirements and desires for each focused on client. This division utilizes the best advertising and limited time systems to pull in more customers. The fundamental objective of this office is ââ¬Å"to guarantee each shopper is happyâ⬠(Robbins Coulter, 2012, p. 74). The useful region ought to consistently make a solid effort to address the requ irements of its buyers. Directors ââ¬Å"should engage their promoting supervisors and facilitators to grasp the best business practicesâ⬠(Kraut et al., 2005, p. 128). Supervisors can get valuable information from this division so as to make the best showcasing decisions.Advertising Searching for paper on business financial aspects? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More Administrators have an obligation to guide, train, and bolster their advertisers. Such practices will guarantee each association tends to the changing desires its buyers. Supervisors can utilize the gathered data to make solid brands. Vital arranging decides the achievement of a business firm. This practical zone manages the plans and exercises that help the objectives of an association. Chiefs ought to ââ¬Å"use their usage and key arranging offices to start new authoritative policiesâ⬠(Kraut et al., 2005, p. 124). Administrators ought to likewise utilize their abilities to unite various divisions. This training will expand the degree of support and collaboration. The methodology plays a significant towards making each firm effective. Supervisors have consistently utilized vital arranging and tasks the board (OM) to help the elements of their separate firms. End The above conversation clarifies how every director assumes a basic job towards the achievement of their associatio n. Supervisors ought to persuade their workers in each practical zone. This conversation likewise clarifies why ââ¬Å"companies ought to set up various practical territories relying upon their size, objectives, and accessible resourcesâ⬠(Robbins Coulter, 2012, p. 103). The accomplishment of numerous each firm relies upon the responsibility and execution of its administrator. Associations need a committed administrator so as to help the exercises of each practical region. Reference List Feldman, M., Khademian, A. (2007). The Role of the Public Manager in Inclusion: Creating Communities of Participation. Administration: An International Journal of Policy, Administration, and Institutions, 20(2), 305-324. Kraut, A., Pedigo, P., McKenna, D., Dunnette, M. (2005). The job of the director: Whatââ¬â¢s extremely significant in various administration employments. Institute of Management Executive, 19(4), 122-129. Robbins, S., Coulter, M. (2012). The board. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pe arson Education Inc.
Sunday, August 16, 2020
Its May 2nd. Have you replied to your colleges yet
Itâs May 2nd. Have you replied to your colleges yet The college admissions process is often compared to dating. Its a dance that happens between students and colleges where the power dynamic shifts back and forth several times; one courts the other, then the other courts the first, and so on. We spend time and money trying to identify the right students who could be great candidates for our institutions, and do all kinds of outreachtraveling the country, visiting high schools, giving presentations, campus tours, sending brochures and emailsall in hopes that theyll apply to our school. We wait in anticipation to see the applications roll in. Students enter into the application process, picking and choosing which colleges they want to apply to. For those whom we are lucky enough to receive their applications, we read them, learn about their lives, fall in love with many, but can only choose a few. Applicants wait with bated breath to hear back, nervous and anxious, constantly hitting refresh to find out their decision. The tables turn againonce weve admitted a class of students, we begin to court them once more. Shiny tubes, greeting cards, and a four-day extravaganza called Campus Preview Weekend. Now its our turn to wait, excited and eager, hoping the applicants we love so much will say yes in return. And that brings us to today. Many have said yes; welcome to the family! Some have said no; well eat a couple pints of ice cream, and all will be okay. But then there are others who havent said anything yet If you were admitted to a college, Im sure you can remember what it was like, constantly hitting refresh, and waiting in anticipation to hear responses from the college(s) you applied to. For the last several weeks, weve now been doing the same. Every day, hitting refresh, waiting to hear back from the 1,419 students we extended admission offers to. (If you think waiting for a handful of college decisions is stressful, try waiting for 1,419 replies.) The deadline has come and gone, and for those of you who havent responded yet (who havent been granted extensions for financial aid reasons), Im guessing most of you have decided to go to another place. Thats perfectly finewe completely understand. There are tons of amazing schools out there, and we know youve made a choice that is right for you. The only thing we ask in return, is that you please let us know. Log in to your MyMIT account, and click on How to accept or decline our offer of admission, and complete the form. I know breaking up is hard to do, but not knowing is even worse. Plus, it doesnt have to be goodbye foreverwe can still be friendsand theres always grad school. :) Thanks for dancing with us, and we look forward to hearing from you soon. P.S. This applies to pretty much every college out there, so if you have other schools you havent responded to yet, do that too! P.P.S. For those on the waitlist, we havent forgotten about you either! As you can see above, we empathize with the pain of waiting and not knowing, and want to get back to you as quickly as possible. More news to come soon, I promise.
Sunday, May 24, 2020
Cognitive Observation - 1488 Words
Method Media Used: Narrative, Pen and paper Time: Started 1.00pm Finished 1.10pm Number of Children Present: 4 Number of Adults Present: 2(including myself) Ages of children observed: 2:6 years 2:8 years 3 years 6.5 years Aim Rationale of observation: My aim while carrying out this observation was to observe a group of children, specifically the 2nd youngest child, aged 2yrs 8 months and his cognitive response to an activity involving numeracy. The type of cognitive skill I was looking for is what cognitive developmental stage children need to be at to be able to conserve and my colleague used Piagetââ¬â¢s Conservation Test involving Numbers to determine this. Background Information I am usingâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦At this stage of development a child is more capable cognitively to conserve. Piaget considered the concrete stage a major turning point in the childs cognitive development because it marks the beginning of logical or operational thought. The child is now mature enough, cognitively, to use logical thought or operations (i.e. rules) but can only apply logic to physical objects (hence concrete operational). Children become less egocentric and better at conservation tasks. This means that the child understands that although the appearance of something changes, the thing itself does not. For example, if you take two pieces of string that are the same length and scrunch one up, a child will reply that the scrunched one is shorter, if conservation hasnt yet been reached. The other two children, aged 2.6 years and 3 years were still also in the Pre Operational Stage of development and so neither were at the cognitive development stage to enable them to conserve. Personal Learning: I found after carrying out this observation that children respond very well on a one to one basis, i.e. when the teacher was asking each individual child the questions relating to the Conservation test they all responded well and enjoyed the activity. I feel they felt they really belonged, therefore I was able to piece together the Aistear theme of Identity and BelongingShow MoreRelatedChild Observation : Cognitive And Language Development1711 Words à |à 7 Pages Child observation: #1 Cognitive and Language development Introduction: Name of the child: CJ Age: 2yrs and 10months (34 months) Date of observation: 6/19/2016 Time: 2.40pm to 4.40pm Context: Observation took place in their home. The living room dimension is approximately 16 x 20 feet, giving enough room for movement. On entering the living room, on the east corner is a 50-inch television and to the west is the dining set. This room is furnished with tan leather couches, center table and red rugRead MoreMeta Cognitive Observation1736 Words à |à 7 PagesPhilippines University Puerto Princesa Campus Puerto Princesa City EDUC 102: FACILITATING LEARNING ââ¬Å"Meta-Cognitive Observationâ⬠Submitted to: Mrs. Marites Espanueva-Lomocso Submitted by: Nerissa Mae F. Dadores Andrea Josefa D. Perez (BSED II) META-COGNITIVE OBSERVATION Introduction Metacognition refers to oneââ¬â¢s knowledge concerning ones own cognitive processes or anything related to them, e.g., the learning-relevant properties of information or data. ââ¬âJ. H. FlavellRead MoreChild Development : Play And Play885 Words à |à 4 Pagesaware of child-initiated play, parallel play and cooperative play but I did not consider observing as part of play. As a teacher, it is important for me to conduct observations to help me understand what stage a child is in during play, so I can help them bridge the childââ¬â¢s play to the next stage, if necessary. According to my Observations Taylor is in the observational play stage which can lead to other play styles such as solitary, onlooker, parallel, associative play and cooperative play accordingRead MoreMy Observation On Early Childhood Essay899 Words à |à 4 Pages Early childhood I choose to complete my observation on a three year old boy. His name is Brayden and he was born 01/12/12. He is on the younger side of this observation. The observation was completed at his home and in his yard. Some of the objects we used where a ball, cups, a bowl, water, MM candies, crayons, coloring books and play-doh. Being that Brayden is at a very active age, I started with the calmer task first. Therefore, I observed his socio-emotional development first. Brayden goesRead MoreObservation of the Early Childhood Essay1574 Words à |à 7 PagesObservation of the Early Childhood An observation was held in the childrens wing of Tarrant County Junior College. A variety of children between the ages of two to six were observed in activities ranging from physical and motor to social and cognitive development. Specifically I mean that whether it was leadership skills or lack of, running, climbing and jumping, drawing and writing, or anything that could fall between, it has been seen, done and accounted for in the following observationRead MoreMy Observation At Oakwood Methodist Preschool1693 Words à |à 7 PagesI conducted my observation at Oakwood Methodist Preschool on May 9, 2016 at 9:30 in the morning and 3:00 in the afternoon. The child I observed was a 16-month old female that I did have previously relations too. I use to work at Oakwood Methodist as an Extended Care Teacher. I use to care for Baby M in the infant room. During the observation there were two teachers, and 7 infants. The room that the observation took place in had many toys such as: balls, bouncers, walkers, rattles, and soft plushRead MoreThe Purpose Of This Essay Is To Evaluate The Use Of Observation1485 Words à |à 6 Pages The purpose of this essay is to evaluate the use of observation as a method of study within psychology. In order to undertake this evaluation the essay will initially discuss two traditional methods of investigation which are experimentation and observation. Furthermore, it will highlight differences between the two methods. In the second part of the essay, a deeper examination of the observational method itself will be undertaken. Here, examples of research in which the use of the observationalRead MoreEssay on Child Development Observation1013 Words à |à 5 PagesIn this assignment I am going to describe a child observation that I have done in a nursery for twenty minutes in a play setting. I will explain the strengths and weaknesses of naturalistic observation through the key developmental milestones based in Mary Sheridan (2005) check-list and provide a theoretical explanation to support the naturalistic observation. First of all I would like to explain why the child observation is important for social workers. It is important because it focus on theRead MoreA Reflection On Learning Theories And Assessment Strategies1616 Words à |à 7 Pages1987 cited by Walsh 2014). Hallgato et al (2013) define learning a skill is a process that is dependent on motor, cognitive and social skills. Following this ideas, the developed of this skill occurred in three distinct moments. Initially, it was developed by learning by observation, and later by repetition through problem-based learning around authentic problems. Learning by observation is supported by Banduraââ¬â¢s (1977) Social Learning Theory when one person learns by observing others doing it. ThisRead MoreChild Observation and Assessment Essay1956 Words à |à 8 Pagesoften the first child to arrive in the morning and the last to leave in the afternoon. I will focus on the social and emotional development of this child who, from now onwards, will be referred to as C. I carried out two types of observation: these being narrative observation and time sampling. I chose to do both because the strengths of each help to support the weaknesses of the other. The main weaknesses of time sampling are that it causes the observer to miss potentially important behaviours that
Wednesday, May 13, 2020
Little Women and Treasure Island Fatherhood - 2395 Words
Compare and contrast the depiction of fatherhoods in Little Women and Treasure Island. When discussing fatherhood in relation to both novels, we see that in both, the father is either primarily absent or irrelevant to the plot. The element of fatherhood comes from the characters designed to replace or substitute the absent or lost fathers. Treasure Island finds two figures available for Jim to form a paternal relationship, and the moral juxtaposition they present has as much to do with Jim growing into a moral man, as it does him choosing a path to survival. In Little Women fatherhood is represented by many different views of masculinity including Joââ¬â¢s attempt to fill her absent fatherââ¬â¢s shoes. The differences and similarities betweenâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Alcottââ¬â¢s decision to produce the sequel to Little Women greatly establishes the role fatherhood plays in her story, whilst Mr March is away, Jo is fulfilling her own prophecy of being ââ¬Å"the man of the familyâ⬠(Alcott, 1998 p.9) and upon his return is free to live her life as a à ¢â¬Ëlittle womanââ¬â¢, the significance of Bethââ¬â¢s death means Joââ¬â¢s desire to be a man is also over, and she strives to imitate her departed sister by neglecting the proactive and masculine personality she assumed in order to cope with being head of a household. In contrast to Alcottââ¬â¢s desire to be successful financially, Stevensonââ¬â¢s own efforts concerning Treasure Island were of a more innovative intent, to create a novel which not only featured a romantic story but served merely to entertain and inspire without an element of educating. Stevenson aspires to a more unconventional style of appealing to young boys, without moral preaching or the inclusion of religious implication; which Alcott endeavours to do with her inclusion of Bunyanââ¬â¢s Pilgrims Progress and her references to God, the most fatherly figure of all. ââ¬Å"If you learn to feel the strength and tenderness of your Heavenly Father as you do that of your earthly one. The more you love and trust Him, the nearer you will feel to Himâ⬠(Alcott, 1998 p.80) The fatherly characters are produced by two authors who had interesting relationships with their own fathers and who subsequently introduce their own opinions to the
Wednesday, May 6, 2020
Ways to get kicked out of your House Free Essays
The Reserve Bank of India had prompted the rupeeââ¬â¢s largest single-day rally since January 998 on 30th august by saying it would provide dollars directly to state oil companies to pay for imports, but the recovery proved short-lived. Economists have long argued that India needs to implement structural economic reforms to bring about meaningful progress. Last year, parliament lifted restrictions on foreign direct investment after much debate As a Citizen: As a citizen of India what I feel is middle class may not have lost faith yet in the economy. We will write a custom essay sample on Ways to get kicked out of your House or any similar topic only for you Order Now On the macro level there might be changes but as a common man or at the Cicero level I donââ¬â¢t see any great change except for the hike in prices. Due to the falling rupee the ââ¬Å"Marlââ¬â¢sâ⬠seem to have great opportunity to reap benefits from the Indian markets. Even the exporters will be benefited due to the fall in rupee. I definitely feel that this falling and depreciating economy is due to the coming elections. Even the financial conditions are easing are the interest rates are coming down. By : Fleshes shanghai 5 ways to get kicked out of your House By Afghanistanââ¬â¢s . Spoil your sisterââ¬â¢s wedding by insulting and throwing shoes and splitting on the guests. 5. Start roaming naked in your house. Economic situation. â⬠And what I feel is that it will be facing it for few more months. The Indian rupee has lost roughly 12% of its value during the past month. The major reason behind this can be because the country in importing more goods than it is. Micro level I donââ¬â¢t see any great change except for the hike in prices. Due to the By : Peevish shanghai How to cite Ways to get kicked out of your House, Papers
Monday, May 4, 2020
Confidentiality in Counselling free essay sample
Confidentiality in counselling means, to me, providing a secure, trusting relationship with a client who knows that, within certain limits, he or she can speak to you about anything at all in the knowledge that whatever has been said will go no further. It is an intrinsic and imperative part of the trust that is required to develop a good working relationship between a counsellor and their client. My client will know that, excepting those limits noted below, I will hold safe everything they share with me; their thoughts, their worries, their deepest secrets, their life story and they will leave our counselling sessions with the surety that they have a safe haven within which to explore their issues or problems. Similarly, if I speak to a friend, relative, or work colleague ââ¬Ëin confidenceââ¬â¢ I expect that what I have said will go no further than between ourselves unless I have told the listener otherwise and, by the same token, what they choose to tell me confidentially will not be shared by me with anyone else. If any acquaintance of mine, in any capacity, chose to talk to me about issues that may appear to be of a confidential nature, then I would implicitly consider that communication to be confidential unless that person advised me otherwise. In a work situation or in any other role where I may have access to confidential information, e. g. pupils, personnel, various group members, governing body discussions; I need to be aware of the confidential aspects that are a part of that information and ensure that I do not ââ¬Ëshareââ¬â¢ with any other person or agency that does not have access to the same details. When I am given confidential information the person or organisation giving it to me needs to feel sure that it will be kept as confidential and not imparted to a third party. ââ¬Å"Confidentiality is fundamental to the trust and integrity of the counselling relationship. It creates a safe space for the client to explore difficult and challenging issues and clearly signals that the client has control over any subsequent disclosures of that information or insights derived from it. â⬠(Bond P152 Para1 Lines 7-10) The following is an extract from the current BACP Ethical Framework: ââ¬Å"Fidelity: honouring the trust placed in the practitioner Being trustworthy is regarded as fundamental to understanding and resolving ethical issues. Practitioners who adopt this principle: act in accordance with the trust placed in them; regard confidentiality as an obligation arising from the clientââ¬â¢s trust; restrict any disclosure of confidential information about clients to furthering the purposes for which it was originally disclosed. â⬠There are, however, situations that may arise which would create exceptions to the basic rule of confidentiality in counselling. Confidentiality becomes the professional management of personally sensitive information disclosed in confidence. (Bond P152 Para 1 Line 1). The very nature of counselling means that a client may make disclosures which would lead me to consider breaking confidentiality and passing details of the disclosure to supervision. ââ¬Å"In actual practice all the national professional organisations for counsellors stress the importance of confidentiality but do not suggest that it should be absolute. To make it absolute would prohibit disclosures made in order to prevent serious harm to clients themselves or to others and would frustrate the requirements to receive counselling supervision. (Bond P153 Para 2 Lines 1-5) In such cases I would feel ethically and/or legally bound to report such a disclosure keeping the client informed of the process. The limits of confidentiality will have been explained to my client during my initial presentation of the contract between us, so that he or she would already be aware that what they tell me may be discussed with my supervisor, although their name will not be used. The following guidelines taken from the current BACP Ethical Framework note the need for such an action to be: i)where there is risk of harm to yourself or others; i)under the Prevention of Terrorism Act (Northern Ireland); iii)if the counsellor is subpoenaed or summoned as a witness in a Court of Law. ââ¬Å"Some threats to the public interest are considered sufficient to require a statutory obligation to disclose. These include matters concerning the prevention and detection of terrorism concerning Northern Ireland (Prevention of Terrorism (Temporary Provision) Act 1989), and drug trafficking (Drug Trafficking Offences Act 1986). Not to make a disclosure is an offence. Notifying people that you have made a disclosure about them constitutes a separate offence. â⬠(Bond P159 Para 4 Lines 1-8) The decision to take such action is not likely to be straightforward or obvious and I would have to be as sure as I could be that I was making the correct choice for all involved. Breaking confidence to protect the well-being of either my client or another person, perhaps myself, because I considered the possibility of that danger to be real, is a difficult and crucial decision to make and I must feel that there is significant danger of harm. One of the great weaknesses of the current ethical and legal arrangements with regard to confidentiality is that the complexity must create a degree of uncertainty for counsellor and client. â⬠¦.. The law has taken the view that confidentiality cannot be justified as an absolute principle. â⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ (Bond P166 Para 2 Lines 1-3 11-12) Whenever possible my first course of action would be to discuss my decision with my client and encourage him or her to inform the authorities themselves. If they were unable or unwilling to do this then my next step would be to take their story to supervision and if I was still convinced that, in this case, confidentiality needed to be broken, then I would take the necessary steps to report the situation. The law suggests I exercise ââ¬Å"reasonable careâ⬠in my judgement and I would need to keep detailed records of my discussion with my client regarding this course of action so that I had evidence should a complaint be made against me. Another possible situation in a counselling session which could require that confidentiality be broken is where a disclosure has been made regarding child abuse or incest. It is a contracted condition of some agencies that their counsellors take to supervision any such child protection issues and again this will have been explained to my client when discussing our contract. ââ¬Å"The Childrenââ¬â¢s Act 1989 is of a much more limited jurisdiction than is commonly understood. The statutory obligation to report and investigate incidents of child abuse is largely confined to social services. (Bond P159 Para 5 Lines 1-4). The limits of confidentiality need to be made explicitly clear during the initial meeting with my client so that if a breach should become necessary he or she will already be aware of the possibility of such an event and hopefully, therefore, be less affected by it than may otherwise have been the case. There could be negative consequences as a result of my having made the decision to breach the confidentiality of out client/counsellor relationship. They may feel let down and (even having given their permission for me to pass on their story) betrayed. However, if I have handled the situation correctly, gained my clientââ¬â¢s trust with an assurance that whatever I do is still with the intention of helping them, that I am not passing judgement and will not be abandoning them, then, hopefully, they may be able to see that passing on their story is intended to be a positive step forward. I would try to show them that the positivity would be in meeting the need for them to take on the responsibility of their actions in order to gain autonomy in their own life. The counsellorââ¬â¢s commitment to confidentiality marks a boundary that supports ethical principles of respect for client autonomy and fidelity and places the client in control of decisions about the clientââ¬â¢s best interests and the avoidance of harm outside the counselling relationship. â⬠(Bond P152 Para 1 Lines l1-14) Although I could not feel uninvolved in a serious disclosure I would have to keep myself detached enough that I would be seeing the path I needed to follow clearly, without allowing my own emotions to cloud my judgement. The weight of this burden of responsibility may lay very heavily, however, I need to be clear headed in my duty to disclose information which I know I am legally bound to do. In a more serious situation, even though the correct procedures have been followed and my client has been made aware of my intention to break confidentiality, it is possible that they may decide to make a complaint or even to instigate legal proceedings against me. Under any circumstances breaching confidentiality is a very serious step to take in the relationship between counsellor and client and should never be taken lightly or without the ââ¬Å"reasonable careâ⬠that is the counsellorââ¬â¢s responsibility. ââ¬Å"A breach of confidence is defensible where: (a) The client has consented to disclosure. Obtaining the clientââ¬â¢s consent is often the best way of resolving legal and ethical disclosures over confidentiality (Cohen, 1992);â⬠(Bond P158 Para 3 Lines 4-7) Notwithstanding all of the above there are then my own limits of ability, understanding and knowledge to consider within a counsellor/client relationship. I would be doing any client a disservice if I were to continue to counsel them when I was aware that the interaction had reached a stage where I was unqualified, unable or unwilling to deal with it well and/or appropriately. It would be unethical for me to continue without consulting the client and offering them alternative options which would necessitate my breaching confidentiality. I would assure them that this breach would be limited to passing on their story to my supervisor, with their permission, and that I could continue to see them whilst another, better suited or more qualified person was being found for them. It is of paramount importance that I am aware of the various alternatives of help that are available for my client so that I can signpost quickly and positively, thereby making the transition as ââ¬Ëpainlessââ¬â¢ as possible. Confidentiality forms the basis of counselling. It is what bonds client and counsellor on their journey together and helps them to work openly and honestly with trust and respect for each other. If the client has a firm belief that confidentiality is at the base of the consultation process then he or she can feel empowered to explore any issue they need to that will enable them to go forward into a more autonomous future. Bibliography Tim Bond 2000 Standards and Ethics for Counselling in Action Second Edition Sage Publications
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